Allergy shots have been used for nearly 100 years as a method of desensitizing people from their allergens. Injections, containing a small amount of the actual allergen (pollen, trees, dog, dust, etc.), is delivered into the subcutaneous layer of the skin, usually the upper arm. Allergy shots are generally given weekly for a time of "build-up" and then monthly for a "maintenance" phase. Most practices recommend allergy shots for a period of 3-5 years.
Side effects of allergy shots include:
- localized swelling at the injection site.
- a systemic reaction that could include wheezing, sneezing and nasal congestion.
- an anaphylactic reaction that could be life-threatening.
Most doctor’s offices require patients to wait 30 minutes after a shot to evaluate a possible reaction to the injection.
In contrast, allergy drops, which have been used for nearly 60 years, introduce the allergen through the cells lining the mouth by administration of drops under the tongue. Long used in Europe and South America, allergy drops are making their way to the U.S. as a treatment for seasonal and other allergies. The same extracts used in allergy injections are used for oral allergy drops. The only reported side effects of the drops are tingling of the tongue following ingestion. Patients take the drops for 3-5 years, as they would with allergy shots.
Both injection therapy and oral allergy therapy operate under the idea that by stimulating the immune system, the body will build up a tolerance. Thus, over time allergy symptoms should diminish.
More doctors’ offices are offering allergy drops, or sublingual immunotherapy, as an alternative to traditional allergy shots.
Pros of Allergy Drops over Allergy Shots:
- Fewer visits to the doctor's office as drops are ingested at home
- No pain from shots
- Easier to remember since drops are taken daily in the morning and before bed
- Infants and young children have successfully used drops. Shots are not recommended until at least the age of 5. It is thought that treating allergy triggers early in life can decrease the risk of developing asthma in later years .
- Recent clinical studies indicate allergy drops may be effective for those with food and mold allergies. Allergy shots are not effective in these two areas.
Cons of Allergy Drops over Allergy Shots
- Cost: most U.S. insurance companies do not cover the drops. The drops are approximately $13 a week. In comparison, many insurance companies do not charge a co-pay for shots or for the allergy serums.
- The drops remain unapproved by the U.S. FDA (Food and Drug Administration). The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology have unanswered questions about the dosing and effectiveness of drops compared with injection therapy.
Talk to your doctor about the options available to treat your allergies. Shots and drops each have unique qualities and your doctor can help in making the best selection.
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